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590 Turks conquered Tokharistan, Balkh, Heart and other provinces, opening the door for them to become Manichaean. Syrian Nestorians brought into Armenia copies of an "Explanation of Mani's Gospel" at this time period.
7th C AD...Sassanian Kings in Media....Numerous Kal'ah (Castles)
7th Century AD...first Manichaean kingship in Uighur...
"SHAMBHALA...."In 624 AD, a Moslem invasion weakened the Kingdom of Shambhala."(Roerich: 1974..pg 753) (Geoffrey Hopkins: 1985..pg 60)
"622 AD is the first year of the new Mohammedian era according to the Islamic tradition...Year of Hegira (flight from Mecca)...
in 624 C.E., a non-Indic religion will arise in Mecca. Because of a lack of unity among the brahmans?people and laxity in following correctly the injunctions of their Vedic scriptures, many will accept this religion when its leaders threaten an invasion. To prevent this danger, Manjushri Yashas united the people of Shambhala into a single "vajra-caste" by conferring upon them the Kalachakra empowerment. By his act, the king became the First Kalki ?the First Holder of the Caste. ........... As the founding of Islam dates from 622 C.E., two years before Kalachakra? predicted date, most scholars identify the non-Indic religion with that faith. Descriptions of the religion elsewhere in the Kalachakra texts as having the slaughter of cattle while reciting the name of its god, circumcision, veiled women, and prayer facing its holy land five times a day reinforce their conclusion.
In 624 AD the Sassian Shah Yazdigird is defeated by the Arabs at the battle of Nahavand....."in the era of the Mlecchas, the starting year of the Kalacakra chronology is the first year of the Hijra, calculated from the year 624 AD."..(Roerich:1949...pg 753)....
624 AD...'the Emperor Heraclkes captures the Persian residence of Ganzaca (Ganjak) with its cosmic throne room." (Sacral Kingship: 1959..pg 484)...
633 A.D. (5383) Muhammad declares himself the prophet of God and originates Islam. It is well known that Muhammad's principal teacher was the Assyrian monk Sargis Bkheera. This accounts for the extraordinary doctrinal similarity between some aspects of Islam and the Assyrian Church of the East.
624 AD..(Arabic Historians)......"The Great Battle of Badr took place two years after the Hijra in 624 AD. .....caravan which was returning to Mecca from Sham." ......At this battle the pagan army from Sham consisted of 950 warriors.........
618 Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.) is established in China. Receptive to foreign cultural influences, Buddhism continues to flourish
620 Manichaeanism had spread eastward over the Silk Road and had penetrated China. The Denawar expression of Manichaeanism which developed in these eastern lands along the Silk Road was being called T'i-na-pa in China. The vegan philosophy of Mani was gaining ground all over the known world and defenders of Roman Christianity were working hard to destroy it by persecution, torture and propaganda.
630 Theodore of Raithai was condemning Manichaeanism near Arabia in 630. Hiouen-tsang reports the followers of Mani were the dominant faith near Merv in western Turkestan.
640 In about 640 A.D. a Ramuia edited and interpolated texts, forming the present body of scriptures used by the Mandai. in the Haran Gawaitha it speaks of this Zazai and six others who transcribed texts about 272 A.D., thus creating an apostate branch of our Order that turned into the modern Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran.
651 Islamic Jihad under Khalid took Persia and became the state religion there, wiping out the old Mazdean enemy of the Manichaeans. Islam was tolerant of Manichaeanism and considered it a religion of the book, protected by Quranic law. Islam even understood Manichaeanism to be a faith that worshipped one God,d espite the many titles of angels and divine beings utilized by the faith of Mani.
645 Tibet Buddhism was established in Llasa where it mixed with Manichaeanism which had entered into Tibet from the west and north, creating the Path of Vajrayana, or Tibetan Tantric Buddhism. The main center of Manichaeanism was more east and north of the Oxus, extending out into the Pamir plain. Many Chinese mercenaries who had come to that region to fight in the Persian wars embraced this faith of Mani.
658 Kucha developed to be a leading center of Hinayana Buddhism and the paintings were found at the cave temples of Kizil (near Kucha).
668 Taoist Book Hwa-hu-king was banned in China. This work was Manichaean and spoke of the "Three Times" and the "Two Sources". It also taught that Lao-Tzu, the founder of Taoism, later reincarnated as Mo-Moni, or Mar Mani (Mani the Lord) and as Buddha.
670-692 Manichaeanism existed in eastern Turkestan where the Uighur Turks were intermixing with Iranians and Scyths. Manichaeanism, along with Buddhism, became extremely prevalent in this area. Manichaeanism tended to express itself in Buddhist terminology in this land. This Buddhist Manichaeanism mix, of which Mani would have been proud, had a profound influence of Mahayana Buddhism which would soon become the dominant form of Buddhism. Manichaean elements are especially discernable in Buddhist schools such as the pure land sect and continued to influence the unique development of Vajrayana Buddhism in Tibet.
682-745 Kok Turks abandoned Buddhism and returned to nomadic religion.
690 Manichaean sect of the Denewar had crept back into Iraq to some degree.
694-700 Aftadan, or Fu-tuo-tan, one of the 70 Overseers of the Manichaean Church, had translated the "Two Sources" into Chinese and had taken it to the Chinese Court by 700. On his way to China he traveled through Kashgar, Kucho and Karashahr where Manichaeanism was strong. The land of Maralbashi and the Sassian Kingdom, east of Kashgar, was totally Manichaean. The Religion of Mani was the state religion there. It also had translations of Manichaean texts in its own tongue by this time. In this Manichaean land a whole month was known as a month of fasting, and Manichaean terms from Sogdia were found in the official state Calendar.
600 AD.....TURKS..."Among the Turks and Uighurs, shamanistic beliefs remained the sub-stratum of their spiritual concepts. Turks lived in the Altaic Region. Very powerful in the 6th century AD. Conquered most of West Central Asia in the 7th Century.The Turks originated in the country of SO, located north of the Hsiung-nu." (Litvinsky: 1992..pg 328)..."the conquest of most of western Central Asia by the Turks in the late 6th Century." (Beckwith: pg 9)...Uyrgurs: now Chinese Xijiang, formerly East Turkestan..."The Turks originated in the country of SO, located north of the Hsiung-nu." (Litvinsky: 1992..pg 328)...
600 AD.......See Ariane Spanien MacDonalds 1971 study on Tibetan Royal Courts in the 6-8th Centuries for an interesting discussion of Royal heirarchy...
604 AD.....SHOTOKU...In 604 AD the Japanese Crown Prince Shotoku issued the 17 Article Constitution, combining Confucian ethics with the Chinese political theory of a centralized imperial government.
"622 AD is the first year of the new Mohammedian era according to the Islamic tradition...Year of Hegira (flight from Mecca)...
in 624 C.E., a non-Indic religion will arise in Mecca. Because of a lack of unity among the brahmans?people and laxity in following correctly the injunctions of their Vedic scriptures, many will accept this religion when its leaders threaten an invasion. To prevent this danger, Manjushri Yashas united the people of Shambhala into a single "vajra-caste" by conferring upon them the Kalachakra empowerment. By his act, the king became the First Kalki ?the First Holder of the Caste. ........... As the founding of Islam dates from 622 C.E., two years before Kalachakra? predicted date, most scholars identify the non-Indic religion with that faith. Descriptions of the religion elsewhere in the Kalachakra texts as having the slaughter of cattle while reciting the name of its god, circumcision, veiled women, and prayer facing its holy land five times a day reinforce their conclusion.
624 AD....."In 624 AD, a Moslem invasion weakened the Kingdom of Shambhala."(Roerich: 1974..pg 753) (Geoffrey Hopkins: 1985..pg 60)...
In 624 AD the Sassian Shah Yazdigird is defeated by the Arabs at the battle of Nahavand...In Iran, the great Sassanian dynasty collapsed in the 7th century under the Arab onslaught...."in the era of the Mlecchas, the starting year of the Kalacakra chronology is the first year of the Hijra, calculated from the year 624 AD."..(Roerich:1949...pg 753)....
624 AD...'the Emperor Heraclkes captures the Persian residence of Ganzaca (Ganjak) with its cosmic throne room." (Sacral Kingship: 1959..pg 484)...
633 A.D. (5383) Muhammad declares himself the prophet of God and originates Islam. It is well known that Muhammad's principal teacher was the Assyrian monk Sargis Bkheera. This accounts for the extraordinary doctrinal similarity between some aspects of Islam and the Assyrian Church of the East. For example, according to Assyrian Church doctrine, there is no awareness of passage of time between the moment of death and final judgement; final judgement occurs immediately even though thousands of years may have passed on Earth. Islam holds this same view. It is also noteworthy that the Koran states that in the day of final judgement the angels of Allah will speak to man in Assyrian.
632 AD....Muhammad died in 632 AD, beginning an expansion of the Muslim Empire in central Asia...11th year of Hegira (Flight from Mecca)... He died in the evening of the twelfth of Rabi?al-Awwal (June 8, 632 A.D.) at the age of sixty-three.
624 AD....."In 624 AD, a Moslem invasion weakened the Kingdom of Shambhala."(Roerich: 1974..pg 753) (Geoffrey Hopkins: 1985..pg 60)...
624 AD..(Arabic Historians)......"The Great Battle of Badr took place two years after the Hijra in 624 AD. This was the first battle that the believers ever engaged in with the disbelievers, and it is, by far, the most famous and most renown, becuase of the several extraordinary events that occured during it. Rasoolullah (saws) had encouraged the Muslims to oppose the Quraish caravan which was returning to Mecca from Sham." ......At this battle the pagan army from Sham consisted of 950 warriors.........
They went to Wad! al Qura where they tarried a while and then proceeded northward until they reached Adhri'at near the frontier of al Sham,
In The Abridged Kalachakra Tantra, Manjushri Yashas, the First Kalki ruler of Shambhala, predicts that the leader of a future non-Indic religion will invade his land. This non-Indic religion will have a line of eight great teachers: Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Mani, Muhammad, and Mahdi. Most scholars identify this religion as Islam in general, but their conclusion needs scrutiny. .......The Kalachakra texts say that Muhammad, the founder of the non-Indic religion, will be born in the city of Baghdad in the land of Mecca. Baghdad, the capital of the Arab ‘Abbasad Caliphate (750 – 1258), was built only by Caliph al-Mansur in 762. Muhammad was born in Arabia in 570. Since the Kalachakra texts first appeared in written form in India at the end of the tenth or beginning of the eleventh centuries, Manjushri Yashas was speaking of Islam during the early ‘Abbasad period.
in 624 C.E., a non-Indic religion will arise in Mecca. Because of a lack of unity among the brahmans?people and laxity in following correctly the injunctions of their Vedic scriptures, many will accept this religion when its leaders threaten an invasion. To prevent this danger, Manjushri Yashas united the people of Shambhala into a single "vajra-caste" by conferring upon them the Kalachakra empowerment. By his act, the king became the First Kalki ?the First Holder of the Caste. ........... As the founding of Islam dates from 622 C.E., two years before Kalachakra? predicted date, most scholars identify the non-Indic religion with that faith. Descriptions of the religion elsewhere in the Kalachakra texts as having the slaughter of cattle while reciting the name of its god, circumcision, veiled women, and prayer facing its holy land five times a day reinforce their conclusion.
In 624 AD the Sassian Shah Yazdigird is defeated by the Arabs at the battle of Nahavand...In Iran, the great Sassanian dynasty collapsed in the 7th century under the Arab onslaught...."in the era of the Mlecchas, the starting year of the Kalacakra chronology is the first year of the Hijra, calculated from the year 624 AD."..(Roerich:1949...pg 753)....
624 AD...'the Emperor Heraclkes captures the Persian residence of Ganzaca (Ganjak) with its cosmic throne room." (Sacral Kingship: 1959..pg 484)...
629 A.D.... Army of Kok-Turk Empire and Khazars enter Azerbaijan (Albania), defeating Persians. Azerbaijan is declared to be "eternal possesion" of Turks. The capital of Albania - Kabala renamed into Khazar. Albanian nobility and clergyman escape from Barda to the Albanian stronghold - Mountaineous Karabagh. [Source: "History of Albans" by Moisey Kalankatly] The next year both withdraw from Azerbaijan due to internal strife within Empire.
652 AD......After the murder of Yazdgard III, the last Sasanian Emperor in 652 A.C.E., his son Piroj, proclaimed himself king of Iran and took refuge in exile in the mountains of Tokharistan in Central Asia then under Chinese rule. The Chinese Emperor recognized Piroj as the king of Iran. Later, Piroj went to China and served as a captain in the Chinese army and built a fire-temple in China in 677 A.C.E. His son, Narsi, also lived in Tokharistan and later went to China in 707 A.C.E. The historian and writer, Masudi, recorded in 916 A.C.E., that there were Parsis living in China who worshipped in fire-temples. These early Parsi migrants to China have been totally assimilated into the local population.
632-1258 AD....Dynasty of Caliphs from Iran to Spain
641 AD...First Moslem conquest of Persia...
643 AD....Yazdegird retreats to Balkh
645 AD....Tibetans overrun Shangshung
In 670, 688, 692 A.D. the Uighurs, the Kok Turks and the Shato joined the Tibetan armies in their military expeditions in capturing the Chinese strongholds in north and northeast Central Asia.
Manichaeanism entered into Tibet and northern India at the end of the third century A.D. By 670-692 existed in strength in eastern Turkestan where the Uighur Turks were intermixing with Iranians and Scyths. Manichaeanism, along with Buddhism, became extremely prevalent in this area. Manichaeanism tended to express itself in Buddhist terminology in this land and itself was part Buddhist, yet Manichaeanism has many elements considered inharmonious with traditional Buddhist ideas. This Buddhist Manichaeanism mix, of which Mani would have been proud, possibly had a profound influence on Mahayana Buddhism which would soon become the dominant form of Buddhism. Manichaean elements are especially discernible in Buddhist schools such as the pure land sect and continued to influence the unique development of Vajrayana Buddhism in Tibet. Thus these forms of Buddhism speak of a central deity, a light land, 5 elements in need of redemption, and other traditional Manichaean teachings.
A.D. 700-1300 Anasazi culture culminates in the highly developed Chaco Civilization.
711: Arabs invade Sind
720 AD...Khazars transferred their capital to Samandar, a beautiful coastal town on the north Caucasus noted for its beautiful gardens and vineyards.
743 AD...."She was a daughter of the 'Kaiser', married to the Chosroes, descended from one of the Khacans, so she had the blood of all 3 potentates in her veins. She was from Khorasan." (Muir: 1963..pg 417)...
After the fall of the Kok Turk Empire in Central Asia, the Uighurs established their first state in Mongolia in 744, with the city Karabalgasun, on the banks of the Orkhun River, as its capital.
The founder of this Uighur state was Kutluk Bilge Kul Khan. In 747 he was succeeded by his son Moyunchur, a powerful leader who subdued other Turkic clans, consolidated the monarchy, and extended his rule in the north to Lake Baykal, in the east to Kansu and in the southwest to Eastern Turkestan.
747 The eighth century saw the glorious rise of Padmasambhava and Yeshay Tzogyal in the land of Tibet where they vivified the Manichaean and Buddhist mixture that came to be known as Vajrayana, the third and highest vehicle of Buddhism. Their particular expression became so strong by 747 that more outward and traditional forms of Manichaeanism no longer prevailed in the more southern portions of their land of snows.
757 Manichaeanism was still the strongest religion and was the state religion of the Uighur Kingdom which by 757 stretched from northern Tibet all the way to the Yellow River in China.
760-780 Manichaean texts were being translated into Turkish by such Manichaean scholars as Jouei-si. This scholar, and three other monks, were sent to Turfan near Kocho by the Uighur King. The eastern capital of the Tang dynasty was reading the Shapur-aqan, the Gospel, and the Epistle to Hata at this same time.
762 Uighur King converts to Manichaeanism.
762 Pehlevi Book of Prayers was begun in Turfan where the Manichaean Leader, or "King of the Religion", resided within the Uighar State that had embraced and championed Manichaeanism. Thousands of Buddhists are known to have converted to it at this time.
750 AD...Khazars moved their capital to Itil (Atil) on the Volga River. An important Silk Route city. King's palace located on an island nearbye.
751 AD....."Kashgar, Khotan, Karashahr, and Kucha (the four garrisons) were defeated by the Arabs in 751 and the whole of inner Asia was lost." (Knobloch: 1972..pg 224)
762 AD.......This Manichaean faith became totally dominant in northern Tibet when the Uighur King converted to Manichaeanism in 762 AD. ....
779 AD...First Tibetan Buddhist monastery...
8th Century AD..Shang Shung annexed to Tibet
8th Century..."Inception of Dzogchen. One of the most controversial traditions of the Tibetan Nyingma and Bon lineages...drawing on such sources as Chinese Chan, Indian Buddhism, Daoism, Tantric Saivism, and indigenous religions. Strikingly antinomian language." (Lopez: 1997...pg 293)...
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